KNOWLEDGE

The science behind the practice

Physician-authored explanations of the biomarkers, tests, and ideas that shape modern preventive medicine — written to be rigorous, not dumbed down.

Cardiovascular

6 min

Why ApoB Matters More Than LDL-C

LDL-C is the number on most lab reports. ApoB is the number that actually predicts risk. Here is why the distinction matters — and what your ApoB reveals about your arterial health.

Performance

7 min

VO₂max: The Number That Predicts How Long You'll Live

Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts all-cause mortality better than smoking, diabetes, or hypertension. What the data shows — and how to train the most responsive longevity biomarker we have.

Metabolic

5 min

What Your Fasting Insulin Reveals That HbA1c Doesn't

HbA1c can look normal while metabolic dysfunction is already underway. Fasting insulin is the earlier, more sensitive signal — and it is almost never on a standard lab panel.